How Will The Frontier Be Affected By A Positive Change

Question One a. Why is the PPF concave to the origin? The production possibilities frontier is concave to the origin as it represents the increase opportunity goods along with the outputs of goods which is increasing. This is due to the law of opportunity goods – with one increase or production, an increase in opportunity costs follows (Layton, Robinson and Tucker, 2016). b. How will the frontier be affected by a positive change in technology for the product on the horizontal axis? The points represented on the production possibilities frontier represent the maxim outputs of each product (Layton, Robinson and Tucker, 2016. The amount of tables produced each year is presented on the vertical axis’s and the amount of chairs produced each†¦show more content†¦Elasticity is not confined to demand curves as the demand of a product consumed is not always related to the price of the item. For instance the demand of meat products may be high during holiday seasons, while the price is the same throughout the year and vice versa. b. The demand for a product is price elastic and the product s price is decreased by X%. What might be the expected change in quantity demanded and revenue? If a product is price elastic and the price decrease this will result in more people purchasing the product and therefor the revenue will increase. This is because more people are going to purchase the product in higher quantities if they see it at a cheaper price. For instance supermarkets often promote price dropped items, at a new cheaper price, this means more people are likely to buy that brand of product as opposed another that is a higher price – resulting in a higher revenue for the product (Layton, Robinson and Tucker, 2016). Question Four a. Explain why profits are maximised when MR = MC. 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Negative Effects Of Modernism - 742 Words

INTRODUCTION Postmodernism is an era of intellectual growth that is characterized by the move away from modernism. Postmodernism believes that truth is subject and not absolute. Thomas Oden declares modernism to be the period between the French revolution as marked by the storming of the Bastille in Paris 1789 and the collapse of the Berlin wall 1989. page 696. Postmodern started from 1950-1980.page 697. since many of us are born in a postmodern era the question to ask is how can todays generation reconcile with postmodern culture, what are the things they value the most and how can todays Christians aligned themselves with postmodern ideas even as we are walking with God. To, answer this question we will look at the four types or†¦show more content†¦Delegitimation is another form of postmodernism which in general people agree that there are certain legitimate metanarratives that existed to which all rational person should subscribe especially those of Christian nations. But postmodernism has called these legitimate ideologies into question. for example, the idea that a man must marry one wife till death separates them has been called into question by postmodern views. Advantages -Postmodernism, it encourages open-minded ideas. for example, support for equal rights for minorities. - It also raises important questions about changes in tradition. - create an open mind to mysticism. - It also encourages diversity. - It encourages the creation of community. Disadvantages - Inability to speak to condemn evil. - Post-modernism ignores the truth. - it rejects modernism, religion, and science. - postmodernism has no basic stand because their theory has no foundation. Personal application of postmodernism to my Christian life since postmodernism denies modernism, it is important for one to understand that todays culture encourages mostly postmodern, millennial and centennials ideas. 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Child Behavior Observational Study by Experts

Question - Observe an infant, child or young person in an appropriate social context. You are also required to describe the interaction between the infant, child or young persons observed behaviours and their environment ? Answer - Observations of a child behavior with her mother The current study will be highlighting the observational study that has been studied while observing a young mother and her infant baby. The main center of this observational study is to understand the attachment between mother and her first child. As per Beelmann Schmidt-Denter (2009), attachment or affection is a relationship which is linked with the child need for safety, security and protection. Thus, the main goal will be monitoring and observing the communication between mother and child. Moreover, the social constructive perspective will be used for understanding the relationship between them. It has been found that attachment in the early phase can have profound effect in having relationship with the child later. Therefore, it can be termed as internal working model. On the other hand, Emanuel (2014) proposed that a secure base concept which is relating with the emotional place is a state where a child can access the outer world and can get back where she/he will be greeted. Therefore, the particular concept can be explained in context to mother and child under the observational study. The specific interaction between the two will be discussed along with attachment theory. Rita a 22 years old stays with her mother, Maria who is 52 years old. On 23rd December 2015, Rita gave birth to her child, Allyson and her father Ricky 27 year old stays separately. On the other hand, it was observed that Rita enrolled herself for Family Nurse Partnership Programme when she was only 20 weeks pregnant. FNP has been taken so that Rita can remember that she has to visit to doctors for continuous approx 2 years. On the other hand all needed support can be received for enhancing the future health of child and mother and better well-being. In order to carry my observational study in more effective way, I sought consent from Rita so that I can observe her and her child growth and behavior. On the other hand, I submitted child observation consent to Rita which mentioned that no harm will be done to them either emotionally or professionally. During my first observation, I prepared post-natal questionnaire to understand the feelings and thoughts of Rita regarding the growth of the baby (Refer to Appendix). I found that response of Rita was overwhelming which showed a deep attachment with the small baby. She was very happy to share her experience of having first child. On the other hand, it observed that baby was healthy and naughty. The child is almost 4 weeks old and was very much attached with her mother. Moreover, the child was pampered by her granny and sometimes child feels irritated and starts crying. As per my observation, I observed that Rita was confident enough and believed her ability that she can take good care of her child. On the other hand, Rita was able to provide all the necessary requirements and needs to her infant child. Rita handled her baby with most care and made sure no problem is caused to the baby. During the observation process, desire of Allyson was well recognized by her mother, Rita. The baby does some rooting action whenever she requires feed and this need was met by Rita every time. Moreover, at the time of feeding, Rita communicated with her baby in a soft tone and rubbed the baby face in a gentle manner and relaxing way. On the other hand, Allyson gives response to her mother by gazing continuously and intensely. According to Hosdurga Finlay (2010), the mutual stare among the infant child and mother induce feelings and points interpersonal affair. Therefore, the baby can become socially co-operative by the response given by the mother. In the next observation, I found that Allyson did not cry when her mother was trying to soothe her in order to make her sleep. Allyson was feeling relaxed and tired free in the arms of her mother. On the other hand, the baby starts crying if she is kept on the bed and she wanted to be in the arms of her mother. Therefore, her mother kept in arms till the baby is asleep. Fonagy (2004) proposes that initial attachment bonding leads to a learning affect regulation. Apart from that, it has been observed that when Allyson was held by her grandmother, she was seen crying and upset but when is held back again by her mother, she was instantly calm. Therefore, it can be pointed out that Allyson was able to identify the appearance, touch, smell and voice of her mother. Thus, it can be regarded as the evidence for secure base development Bowlby King (2004). On the other hand, Allyson attempted to communicate with her mother by opening and closing her mouth and opening eyes. It showed that she was attempting to talk with Rita. Nilsen et al. (2015) stated the particular behavior as social releaser which means that infant can be able to distinguish among adults. Further, in the observation phase, I observed that Allyson was behaving differently when her mat was changed and she made cooing noise and also smiled at Rita. On the other side, Rita used exaggerated intonation and talked in soft manner as a response. Therefore, it can be considered as motherese (Miller, 2010). Moreover, it can be presented that Allyson became more responsive towards her mother. She makes some noise whenever she is in need of something such as hungry. On the other hand, Allyson was able to differentiate herself with other people (Hosdurga Finlay, 2010). It can also be observed that, Rita was able to understand the cues of her child more than her mother. Therefore, when Allyson went to sleep then Rita gets some relaxation. On the other hand, whenever, Allyson was happy she moved her legs and arms and makes sweet noise. Moreover, she shakes her legs in marching action and gives continuous smile. According to Riddall-Leech (2009), when baby smiles, it shows an instinctive behavior which reflects that baby is well taken care by people and defines social releaser. On the same day, Rita weighed her child in order to know whether she has pull on the weight and the anxiousness on the face of Rita can be clearly seen. When, Allyson was being weight, she was enjoying all the process and was literally happy. She was jumping and making sounds which brought smile on the face of her mother and also on my face. After the weighing session was complete, Rita was pleased to know to that her baby is healthy and has a normal body weight. Apart from that when the nappy of Allyson was being changed by Rita; she was smiling a lot and clapping her hand. The response of the baby was in a turn-taking way towards the mother (Bo wlby King, 2004). On the other hand, Beelmann Schmidt-Denter (2009) mentioned that behavior and feelings of mother towards their child are impacted by her own earlier experiences or say personal experiences. Therefore, it be mentioned that early attachment relationships are regarded as internalized which occur again in life in various context with number of people. Rita also showed an anxious attachment to her daughter as her mother once showed towards Rita. Fonagy (2004) proposed that an anxious attached child may not be able to attain confidence or may not be able to master their surrounding if they are bound by attachment. Therefore, child starts to develop prospects of their parents likely feedbacks to desire or distress in order to receive contact and it can be considered as internal working models (Miller, 2010). During my observation period, I studied the development phase of Allyson and I found that whenever someone speaks she keep on gazing on their lips and movement of lips. Therefore, this gaze can help the child to move her lips in coming days and after certain months she will be able to speak. On the other hand, when any toys are placed in front of her she gets excited. The toys like monkey beating drums, ball, etc gave her the pleasure and she was completely involved into toys. Therefore, when Allyson plays with toys, it provided a chance to Rita to get relax and take some rest. It was observed that when it comes to play with toys, Allyson completely jelled with unknown person and when there are no toys she starts crying and search for her mother. Apart from that, during observation time, I also discovered that when Allyson was full she moved her face left and right as a sign of dislike and also it pointed that she does not want to eat anymore. Therefore, Rita recognized such behavior of Allyson and stopped feeding further. On the other hand, when she puts her finger in her mouth and starts sucking, her mother knows that she is hungry. Whenever, Rita feed Allyson, she looks into the eyes of her mother. Moreover, Allyson hardly goes in the arms of her grandmother. Therefore, it depicts that baby is more connected with her mother. On the other side, when an effort was done to communicate with Allyson, she hides her face into her mothers chest as if she is feeling shy. Therefore, Rita holds her daughter more securely for reassuring Allyson. According to Riddall-Leech (2009), considered holding as one of the prime function of good mother. The mother has to make an attempt to make child response towards other reaction. For instance, if someone is saying hello, the mother can hold the hand of child and shake her hand softly to bid hello. Therefore, it can help in building confidence in child and future growth. As per Hosdurga Finlay (2010), from a view of social constructionist perspective the mother has to consider all the social, historical and cultural elements towards a child development. Apart from that, (Nilsen et al. (2015) argues that the particular perspective can lead to blame which can be directed to mother if any problem is caused during the child development phase. Therefore, attachment theory can be effective in for understanding the role of mother in relation of her child. Thus, Rita was able to provide good care to her kid and provided all the need requirements on time. Reflections on observations During my observation period, I was able to notice a strong bonding between Allyson and Rita and both was happy with each other. Allyson was more connected with her mother and less connected with her grandmother. The baby reacted well with her mother and also gave responses to her mother by making noise or clasping her hands. The feeling that I felt inside me was awesome and I could feel the emotion that was going through Rita. It was a point when I felt like crying when Allyson was holding tightly to her mother and was sleeping in her arms. It was so protective feeling. Apart from that, the behavior of Allyson depended on her mood when she was not feeling to have milk she just throws out of her mouth and starts crying. It made the mother angry but she was not able to show her emotion at that point of time as it would have made child upset. The relationship between mother and daughter showed to have patience and bonding can only be generated if a person feels secure under someone. Th erefore, it was a great experience and feeling to me. Whenever, a child needs anything she makes noise or starts crying and mother understood that they her child require food. Therefore, both mother and daughter was deeply attached with each other. Development theory In the whole observation study, the attachment theory was the main focus as development theory in relation to child. According to Bowlby King (2004) attachment theory is an emotional bond that unites one people to another over time. The attachment has helped Rita in bringing growth to her daughter. The child responded equally to her mother than any other person. The mother was very close to her child and baby was positive in her response towards her mother. Apart from attachment theory, the behaviorist theory can be suitably fit into the observation study. As the mind of the child is like a blank slate which is shaped by the surrounding environment therefore, the baby behaved in her own way and as per her mood (Miller, 2010). The attachment theory most fit to this particular observational study. The theory helped in understanding the link between a mother and a daughter and the interaction between them. The child was feeling more secure with her mother than any other person. Apart f rom that, Hosdurga Finlay (2010) mentioned that some kid may have subconscious psychological trait in regards to their parents as being loving and available and can also relate to complementary model as support and love. Therefore, the positive anticipation of bonding can referred as secure attachment. Thus, it can be advantage for a child to have secure growth. Moreover, Emanuel (2014) discussed that a kid can develop a sense of secure attachment to one and insecure attachment to other. The sensitivity of parents towards the requirements of the kid can be a main determinant whether child will develop secure attachment or insecure attachment (Hosdurga Finlay, 2010). It has been found that the ability of parents in delivering the secure attachment is mostly impacted by the care that they may have gained from their parents. Therefore, it was seen in the case of Rita and Allyson that Rita held her baby liker her mother was used to hold her. Therefore, a primary attachment was develop ed by Allyson as due care and regular support was provided by her mother. Moreover, the child can build confidence in order to explore his/her environment and form sense of self-esteem (Beelmann Schmidt-Denter, 2009). Therefore, this would help in the growth and development of child and be a happy and confident adult. On the other hand, if the child does not have healthy attachment then the kid may not be confident enough that the care provider will meet their needs. Career Focus Section During the observational placement, I was able to manage my professional role as well as student role. I did not let my professional role to affect my personal life. Moreover, I was able to realize that I have developed some personal skills on some level too. For instance, how to have a bonding with child or other people around and it helped in my personal growth. On the other hand, I discovered that an interaction skill is important to build a strong bonding. Therefore, if the interaction is positive from the two sides then it can lead to formation mutual bonding and sense of care and love. Apart from that, the observational study helped me to learn the way of treating a child and understand the behavior of a child. If secure attachment has to be made with the kid then a sense of care has to be generated in the child. Moreover, the requirement of the kid has to be made in right time. On the other hand, professional and personal life has to be kept separate. Therefore, this would hel p me to perform my duties in most productive and efficient manner. Moreover, I have seen that when Allyson dislike the cereals and was spitting out of her mouth then Rita controlled her emotion and did not get panic or angry. Therefore, this situation also encourage to not to get panic and control emotion so that kid does not get frightened. Therefore, the observation study was a learning process for me that would help me in my future career and achieving professional development growth. On the other side, time was one of the main factors in whole observation study. I have seen that Rita was giving meal and also medicine to her child on time so that her child remains fit. Therefore, to be a successful people, management of time is very useful. Therefore, I will see that I do my work on schedule time that can increase my efficiency and personal growth. Conclusion It can be concluded from the whole observation study that Tavistock model was greatly in place. The observation was done on a small child who is 4 weeks older. The child behaved differently in different situations. The child that is Allyson was very much in touch with her mother than her grandmother. Rita, Allyson mother, was present all the time to provide all the needs of her child and due to that a secure attachment was build among them. Allyson was seen enjoying herself by moving her leg, clapping hand whenever she is in happy mood which pleased her mother and brought smile on her face. Therefore, a strong boning was built between them. Rita was taking full care of her child, provided meal on time, changed nappy, etc. The whole observation process was a great experience on my part. By the end of the day, I was also able to have a little bonding with Allyson. I was able to make certain interaction with the baby as well. The main development theory that was applied in this study wa s attachment theory which showed an interaction of child with her mother. The child responded in her own to her mother. Therefore, it would be effective in building confidence in the child and will help in growth of the child. On the other hand, my professional role was enhanced by observing Rita and Allyson that gave me valuable insight towards the attachment theory. Moreover, the internal working model also helped me understand the impact of anxious attachment. Therefore, the whole study provided me different dimensions to analyze the situation. I develop a sense of growth inside me as a person and also at professional level. The attachment and interaction can help in building strong relationship that can be effective for the future growth and development. Therefore, parenting has to be superior as it will help in developing mental health of the child. I was lucky enough to observe such relationship and reaction of child in different occasions. Therefore, the observation placement can be helpful for my future career and growth. References Beelmann, W., Schmidt-Denter, U. (2009). Mother-Child Interaction Following Marital Separation. European Psychologist, 14(4), 307-319. doi:10.1027/1016-9040.14.4.307 Bowlby, R., King, P. (2004). Fifty years of attachment theory. London: Karnac on behalf of the Winnicott Clinic of Psychotherapy. Emanuel, L. (2014). Young child observation: a development in the theory and method of infant observation. Infant Observation, 17(1), 81-86. doi:10.1080/13698036.2014.895487 Fonagy, P. (2004). Attachment theory and psychoanalysis. London: Karnac. Hosdurga, S., Finlay, F. (2010). Child protection experience and training: a regional study of international junior paediatricians. Child Abuse Rev., 19(5), 369-375. doi:10.1002/car.1130 Hosdurga, S., Finlay, F. (2010). Child protection experience and training: a regional study of international junior paediatricians. Child Abuse Rev., 19(5), 369-375. doi:10.1002/car.1130 Miller, B. (2010). Young child live discussion. Infant Observation, 13(1), 95-96. doi:10.1080/13698031003607095 Nilsen, T., Handegard, B., Eisemann, M., Kvernmo, S. (2015). Evaluating change in symptomatic and functional level of children and youth with emotional disorders: a naturalistic observation study. European Child Adolescent Psychiatry. doi:10.1007/s00787-014-0671-3 Riddall-Leech, S. (2009). Observation techniques: Written. Child Care, 6(3). doi:10.12968/chca.2009.6.3.39440 Appendix Post-Natal Questionnaire I would be obliged if you could answer these question as per convenience. It will help me to understand your emotions and feelings and thoughts on becoming a mom. How do you react when you found that you are pregnant? What feelings or emotions arise in you when you are mother now of a girl child? Do you had any physical health issues at the time pregnancy and if yes, how you feel at that time? Were you facing any stress or emotional health issues at the time of pregnancy? How you managed your difficult feelings during pregnancy period? What you imagined about your daughter that what she will be like in first 3-4 days? What qualities do you wish that your daughter should have when she grows up? At what age, do you want to send your daughter to school?

Invisible Man By Ellison Essays (2055 words) - Invisible Man

Invisible Man By Ellison "Who the hell am I?" (Ellison 386) This question puzzled the invisible man, the unidentified, anonymous narrator of Ralph Ellison's acclaimed novel Invisible Man. Throughout the story, the narrator embarks on a mental and physical journey to seek what the narrator believes is "true identity," a belief quite mistaken, for he, although unaware of it, had already been inhabiting true identities all along. The narrator's life is filled with constant eruptions of mental traumas. The biggest psychological burden he has is his identity, or rather his misidentity. He feels "wearing on the nerves" (Ellison 3) for people to see him as what they like to believe he is and not see him as what he really is. Throughout his life, he takes on several different identities and none, he thinks, adequately represents his true self, until his final one, as an invisible man. The narrator thinks the many identities he possesses does not reflect himself, but he fails to recognize that identity is simply a mirror that reflects the surrounding and the person who looks into it. It is only in this reflection of the immediate surrounding can the viewers relate the narrator's identity to. The viewers see only the part of the narrator that is apparently connected to the viewer's own world. The part obscured is unknown and therefore insignificant. Lucius Brockway, an old operator of the paint factory, saw the narrator only as an existence threatening his job, despite that the narrator is sent there to merely assist him. Brockway repeatedly question the narrator of his purpose there and his mechanical credentials but never even bother to inquire his name. Because to the old fellow, who the narrator is as a person is uninterested. What he is as an object, and what that object's relationship is to Lucius Brockway's engine room is important. The narrator's identity is derived from this relationship, and this relationship suggests to Brockway that his identity is a "threat". However the viewer decides to see someone is the identity they assign to that person. The Closing of The American Mind, by Allan Bloom, explains this identity phenomenon by comparing two "ships of states" (Bloom 113). If one ship "is to be forever at sea, [and] K another is to reach port and the passengers go their separate ways, they think about one another and their relationships on the ship very differently in the two cases" (Bloom 113). In the first state, friends will be acquainted and enemies will be formed, while in the second state, the passengers will most likely not bother to know anyone new, and everyone will get off the ship and remain strangers to one another. A person's identity is unalike to every different viewer at every different location and situation. This point the narrator senses but does not fully understand. During his first Brotherhood meeting, he exclaimed, "I am a new citizen of the country of your vision, a native of your fraternal land!" (Ellison 328) He preaches to others the fact that identity is transitional yet he does not accept it himself. Maybe he thought it distressing being liked not for being his true self but because of the identity he puts on or being hated not for being himself but because of his identity. To Dr. Bledsoe, the principal of the black southern university where the narrator attended, the narrator is a petty "black educated fool" (Ellison 141). To Mr. Norton, a rich white trustee of the black university, the narrator is a simple object intertwined with his fate, a mere somebody, he explained to the narrator, that "were somehow connected with [his (Mr. Norton's)] destiny" (Ellison 41). To the organizers of the Brotherhood, Jack, Tobitt, and the others, the narrator is what they designed him to be. They designed for him an identity of a social speaker and leader, and to his listeners and followers, he is just that. Those were his multiple identities and none were less authentic than the others because to his onlookers, he is what his identities say he is, even if he thinks differently. The narrator always had a desire for people "who could give [him] a proper reflection of [his] importance" (Ellison 160). But there is no such thing as a proper reflection because his importance varies among different people. Subconsciously, he craves attention. He wants recognition and status, and wants to be honored as someone special. He must feel that he "can have no dignity if his status is not special, if he is not essentially different"(Bloom